Classification Of Fruits | All Global Updates
· Fruits that are formed without including the accessory structures are called true fruits e.g. tomatoes while those including accessory structures are false fruits e.g. pears.
· Fruits may be classified based on the number of ovaries, number of flowers and other structures forming the fruit, into;§ Simple fruits§ Fruits formed from one ovary in one flower§ Aggregate fruits§ Fruits formed from more than one ovary of one flower§ Multiple fruits§ Fruits formed from an inflorescence and include accessory structures
· After maturity, fruits are also classified into fleshy/Succulent or dry fruits§ Fleshy/Succulent fruits may be soft or hard§ Simple succulent fruits· Have soft and fleshy epicarp and formed from single ovary· They include;o Berries§ Have soft epicarp and fleshy mesocarp and endocarpo Hesperidiums§ Berries with a thicker skin containing oilso Pepos§ Berries with a comparatively thick exocarp or rindo Drupes/stones§ Have edible exocarp and fleshy mesocarp and inedible, hard stone-like endocarpo Pome § A fleshy fruit with mature ovary and accessory structures e.g. petals, sepals and receptacleo Polydrupes§ Are soft aggregate fruits (fusion of several drupes) e.g. strawberries, blackberries etc.§ Dry fruits may be dehiscent or indehiscent depending on whether they split open to release the seeds or not. They include;§ Simple dry indehiscent fruits· Samarao A winged fruit· Acheneo A hard dry fruit with one seed which almost feels the pericarp but attached loosely· Nutso Simple dry fruit similar to achenes, but formed from two or three carpels. Pericarp is relatively hard and heavy· Caryopsiso It is a simple, dry fruit in which the testa and pericarp are fused§ Simple dry dehiscent fruits· Legumeso Are dry fruits which split along both dorsal and ventral sutures to release their seeds e.g. Cassia angustifolia · Follicleso Dry fruits which splits along inner suture only e.g. strophanthus· Capsuleso Dry fruits formed from two or more carpels§ Valvate Capsule –the tip split open§ Porose capsule –form pores to release seeds§ Loculicidal capsules –splits along locules§ Circumscissile capsules –split through the centre of the fruit§ Septicidal capsule –split along the septa
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